mood2000

"IMO" Actually the pin caused that crack , it's seems to me that pin added later from non-professional collector for stupid idea . the tip of the pin is sharp and too hard for the spruce , the tip of the pin must be flatter to avoid that crack you can ask a carpenter about the technique of inserting pin in a thin wood .

- The term Ges. Gesch is an abbreviation for "Gesetzlich Geschutzt" and is the German equivalent of a trademark, copyright or patent, as seen in the United States. The translation of Gesetzlich Geschutzt literally means legally protected. https://www.reference.com/beauty-fashion/term-ges-gesch-mean-jewelry-5cb8f5d55feb4537 ======================================== * History : On antiques of German origin, The earliest that the term Geschützt was used was 1899. Therefore, any number of authentic antiques of German origin may not have this mark its absence can suggest an even older age for the piece. Other Marks Indicating German Origin In addition to Geschützt or Ges. Gesch as an abbreviation of Gesetzlich Geschutzt, some several other markings or stamps can verify a piece as being of German origin: D.R.P. or D.R.: DPR is the German abbreviation for Deutsches Reich Patent. Older German items are often marked "D.R.P." or "DR" Ges. Mbh: This is an abbreviation of the German term for "company" or "corporation." Seeing this mark indicates a piece of German origin. Gebruder: The term is the German term for "brothers," as in Gebruders Resch ("Resch Brothers"). Fabrikmarke: This is the German term for "factory mark." Germany: Manufactured items were generally not labeled "Germany" before 1895. PIeces bearing this label generally date from 1895 or later. West Germany: Manufactured items were labeled with way from 1948 to 1991. Such items typically are not antiques. ============================================== https://www.thesprucecrafts.com/what-does-geschutzt-mean-on-antiques-149120

back plate length ?

same thing (See above) imo

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympathetic_string

wrap it with cheesecloth

the original label must be printed on "laid paper" , if not as usual that is absolutely a mass production "Dutzendware" , most of them were made in Schönbach from (1880) to (1920) - the sample of laid paper is attached :

you are right Philip , maybe they branded as "Roman" means so many things : 1. branded as a one of their different levels of the Werner's bows . 2. the bow was made to their firm . 3. Roman was a dealer . 4. fictitious name . but at least i guess the bow was made in Bohemia (Schönbach) IMO

Werner family members from Schönbach (Bohemia)

i have no idea whether a fake or not , maybe you are right . so , have a look to the "Thomastik" link : http://www.thomastik-infeld.com/bowed-instruments

Dominant Set + "E" Jargar Forte (Loop End) . https://www.ebay.com/itm/Dominant-Violin-String-Set-4-4-Jargar-Ball-E-Forte/191145815145?hash=item2c812dac69:g:gZIAAMXQxVZRCUes ==================== Or ======================= Dominant Set + "E" Jargar Forte (Ball End) . https://www.ebay.com/itm/Dominant-Violin-String-Set-4-4-Jargar-Loop-E-Forte/400698188164?hash=item5d4b792184:g:ppoAAMXQJWZRC6eq

???

https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0247/3799/files/sound_quality_glossary.pdf?1583